Otherwise Open: Managing Incompatible Content with Open Educational Resources

This paper seeks to provide an overview of the problem posed by the incorporation of materials protected by all-rights-reserved copyright, or that are not legally compatible with the copyright terms of materials offered to users, into otherwise open educational resources. This paper also describes a number of approaches to resolving this issue, including the reliance on jurisdictional copyright exceptions and limitations, and explores the trade-offs involved in adopting any one of these approaches. This paper also suggests areas for further empirical research into these issues

Securing Digital Rights For Libraries

Internet Archive a publié le 1er décembre 2022 un guide sur la garantie des droits numériques des bibliothèques. Il veut leur permettre de défendre leurs droits de collecter des ressources numériques, les conserver, les prêter et les partager dans le cadre des coopérations avec d\u27autres institutions

High testosterone levels and sensitivity to acute stress in perpetrators of domestic violence with low cognitive flexibility and impairments in their emotional decoding process: a preliminary study.

Hormonal and neuropsychological impairment in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators could play a role in domestic violence. For characterising whether there is a specific psychobiological response to stress, participants who had previously been jailed for IPV and controls were compared for testosterone and cortisol levels, tested for 2D:4D ratios (as an indicator of masculinisation), and given several trait questionnaires and neuropsychological tests related to executive functions and theory of mind. After performing the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), IPV perpetrators experienced decreases in salivary testosterone (T) levels, a moderate worsening of mood, slight anxiety, and a salivary cortisol (C) level increase. Moreover, high basal T was related with high levels of anger and anxiety and worse mood. However, that basal mood does not significantly alter T levels in response to stress. Nonetheless, controls experienced smaller changes in T and larger changes in C and psychological mood. With respect to neuropsychological and cognitive empathic features, IPV perpetrators showed poorer executive performance and emotional recognition than controls. In addition, deficits in both neuropsychological domains were positively associated. Regarding emotional empathy, IPV perpetrators showed higher levels of personal distress than controls. The 2D:4D ratio was lower in IPV than in controls. Moreover, in IPV perpetrators a smaller 2D:4D ratio was related to large increases in T in response to stress and poor emotional recognition. Together with social aspects involved in IPV, differences in psychobiological variables and their relationships could play a relevant role in the onset and perpetuation of violent behaviour

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Controlled Digital Lending (CDL): A Panel to Discuss Legal and Practical Considerations Involved in the Implementation of CDL by Public and Post-Secondary Libraries in Canada

Controlled Digital Lending (CDL) is a model under which a library would digitize physical books in its collection, including in-copyright works, and lend out the digital version to one user at a time, for a limited time, using appropriate safeguards.  We propose a panel to discuss legal and practical considerations involved in the implementation of CDL by public and post-secondary libraries in Canada. Many books in post-secondary and public libraries remain underutilized because they only exist in physical form sitting on the shelves. CDL can help make library collections accessible to a broader community.  Its benefits include breathing new life into older and difficult to find books, many of which are out-of-print, as well as making a breadth of information resources and knowledge available to anyone with internet access, regardless of the reader’s physical location, physical ability, or economic status. However, one of more significant perceived barriers to making physical books available in digital format through CDL is copyright law. This panel will discuss the prospective legal and practical considerations arising from implementing CDL at libraries in Canada.  This discussion will include the extent to which fair dealing or other exceptions in the Copyright Act can reasonably support the digitization and controlled lending of those digitized versions of in-copyright books, as well as what safeguards and best practices might appropriately be applied to such a model to better manage risk. Adrian Sheppard – Director, Copyright Office, University of Alberta Lila Bailey – Lila is Policy Counsel for Internet Archive where she advises the organization on the complex legal and policy issues associated with democratizing access to knowledge. Prior to this, Lila was a solo practitioner specializing in digital copyright and supporting individual entrepreneurs and creators, early stage start-ups, Internet platforms, and libraries. Lila began her working life in traditional publishing at Conde Nast Publications, but decided to go to law school so that “the lawyers wouldn’t break the Internet.” Since then, she has dedicated her career to public interest technology law, and has worked to increase access to knowledge at Creative Commons, the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, and the Samuelson Law, Technology and Public Policy Clinic at Berkeley Law. Lila has a JD from Berkeley Law and a BA in Philosophy from Brown University. Ariel Katz – Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto Andrea Mills – Digitization Program Manager, Internet Archive Canada Graeme Slaght Scholarly Communication & Copyright Outreach Librarian, University of Toront

Evaluation of Vapor Intrusion Using Controlled Building Pressure

The use of measured volatile organic chemical (VOC) concentrations in indoor air to evaluate vapor intrusion is complicated by (i) indoor sources of the same VOCs and (ii) temporal variability in vapor intrusion. This study evaluated the efficacy of utilizing induced negative and positive building pressure conditions during a vapor intrusion investigation program to provide an improved understanding of the potential for vapor intrusion. Pressure control was achieved in five of six buildings where the investigation program was tested. For these five buildings, the induced pressure differences were sufficient to control the flow of soil gas through the building foundation. A comparison of VOC concentrations in indoor air measured during the negative and positive pressure test conditions was sufficient to determine whether vapor intrusion was the primary source of VOCs in indoor air at these buildings. The study results indicate that sampling under controlled building pressure can help minimize ambiguity caused by both indoor sources of VOCs and temporal variability in vapor intrusion

Structural, Functional, and Bioinformatic Studies Demonstrate the Crucial Role of an Extended Peptide Binding Site for the SH3 Domain of Yeast Abp1p*

SH3 domains, which are among the most frequently occurring protein interaction modules in nature, bind to peptide targets ranging in length from 7 to more than 25 residues. Although the bulk of studies on the peptide binding properties of SH3 domains have focused on interactions with relatively short peptides (less than 10 residues), a number of domains have been recently shown to require much longer sequences for optimal binding affinity. To gain greater insight into the binding mechanism and biological importance of interactions between an SH3 domain and extended peptide sequences, we have investigated interactions of the yeast Abp1p SH3 domain (AbpSH3) with several physiologically relevant 17-residue target peptide sequences. To obtain a molecular model for AbpSH3 interactions, we solved the structure of the AbpSH3 bound to a target peptide from the yeast actin patch kinase, Ark1p. Peptide target complexes from binding partners Scp1p and Sjl2p were also characterized, revealing that the AbpSH3 uses a common extended interface for interaction with these peptides, despite Kd values for these peptides ranging from 0.3 to 6 μm. Mutagenesis studies demonstrated that residues across the whole 17-residue binding site are important both for maximal in vitro binding affinity and for in vivo function. Sequence conservation analysis revealed that both the AbpSH3 and its extended target sequences are highly conserved across diverse fungal species as well as higher eukaryotes. Our data imply that the AbpSH3 must bind extended target sites to function efficiently inside the cell